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JPG, PNG, TIFF and BMP can store a DPI value
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This changes the DPI of an image. That number has no effect on how the picture looks on a screen. It tells a printer how big to print it, and nothing else. Most people turn up here because a print shop or a form asked for 300 DPI, their file says 72, and it got knocked back.
Here is the part that trips people up. DPI is not baked into the pixels. It is a small note in the file header, and all it says is how many dots should fit into one inch of paper.
So a 1200 by 1800 photo is still 1200 by 1800 whether that note reads 72 or 300. Nothing about the picture itself changes. What changes is how big it prints. At 72 DPI it spreads out to roughly 16 inches wide. At 300 it comes down to 4. Same photo, different instruction.
That is also why keeping the pixels is the safe choice. Not one pixel changes, and it stays that way however many times you run the same file through.
Not every format has room for that note. JPG and PNG do, so do TIFF and BMP, and and so do their other names like JFIF and DIB. That is the list this tool takes.
WebP, GIF, AVIF and JXL have nowhere to put it. Write a DPI into one of those and it is gone the moment the file is saved. If that is what you have, turn it into a PNG or a TIFF first, then change the DPI.
People mean two different things by this, and picking the wrong one is where it usually goes wrong.
Keep the pixels and only the print size moves. Nothing else about the file is touched. Resample and the print size stays where it is, while the pixel count changes to match. A 4 inch wide image at 72 DPI is 288 pixels across. Ask for 300 DPI and it becomes 1200.
Only resample when you actually need those extra pixels, and be clear about what you are getting. The picture comes out bigger, not sharper. Nothing that was missing from the original turns up in the enlargement.
Plenty of images have nothing in that field. Phone cameras leave it empty, so do screenshot tools and a lot of export dialogs. When that happens the row tells you the DPI is unset rather than making a number up.
There is nothing wrong with those files. But resampling one has to start somewhere, and that starting point is 72, and 72 is the number image editors fall back on when the file does not say.
Reads what each file already says
Every row shows its current DPI, pixel size and printed size before you change anything.
Mixed formats in one go
A JPG, a PNG and a TIFF can sit in the same list and all take the same new DPI.
Warns before an impossible enlargement
If a resample would need more pixels than can be made, the row says so before you start.
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No. Screens take no notice of the DPI field, so the same photo at 72 and at 300 looks identical on a phone or a laptop. Only a printer pays attention to it.
300 is the usual ask for photos and anything you hold close. Big posters seen from across a room are often fine at 150, and line art or text is sometimes wanted at 600.
Not directly. Neither format has anywhere to keep the number, so it would be lost as soon as the file is written. Turn it into a PNG or TIFF first and change it there.
If you keep the pixels, no. Only a few bytes in the header move. Resampling is a different story, because doubling the DPI roughly quadruples the pixel count and the file grows with it.
Because holding the print size adds pixels very fast. A 4000 by 3000 photo with no DPI set works out at 208 megapixels once you ask for 300, which is more than can be built here, so the row tells you instead of hanging.